The two most important minerals in these deposits are the iron oxides hematite (Fe 2O 3) and magnetite (Fe 3O 4). They formed from chemical reactions that combined iron and oxygen in marine and fresh waters. According to reference 1 “Earth’s most important iron ore deposits are found in sedimentary rocks. Metal corrosion is an electrochemical process in which metals in a refined state revert to their natural form. Thus, the complete cooling system may comprise a variety of materials, where knowledge of all is essential for the selection of reliable corrosion control programs. Most large cooling towers have concrete basins, and some still have wooden structural components. Galvanized steel fasteners are often present in cooling towers, while smaller towers may be predominantly galvanized. HX tubes or plates may be of stainless steel, copper alloys, titanium, aluminum, or in some cases, expensive corrosion-resistant alloys. A Brief Review of Cooling System Metallurgy and Materials MakeupĬlosed Cooling Water (CCW) Corrosion ControlĬorrosion Control via Materials Selection and ElectrochemistryĬleaning and Sanitization of Microbiological FoulantsĬhemical Feed, Deposition, and Corrosion MonitoringĪs a quick review, the typical material for cooling system piping and many heat exchanger (HX) shells is mild carbon steel.
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